心理教室

無手機焦慮症可能與精神健康有關,速看10大常見症狀,及早遠離手機成癮

2022/11/21

日前所提及的網絡成癮問題,因手提電話的普及,令大部分都市人對手機上癮導致機不離手,甚至出現無手機焦慮症(Nomophobia)(如想了解更多關於網絡成癮的現象,可參考此文章:Share link)。無手機焦慮症的患者會因不能查看手機,或手機不在身旁而感到不安、焦慮或恐慌。1 全球約有77%以上的人有不同程度的無手機焦慮症,而嚴重的手機焦慮症在年輕人中較為普遍。2,3

無手機焦慮症的常見症狀4-5

  • 焦慮、不安、易怒或急躁
  • 呼吸不順暢或胸悶
  • 心跳加快
  • 流汗增加
  • 身體發抖

患者為了避免以上情況,可能會有以下相應的行為:5-8

  • 手機無時無刻在身旁:在床側、如廁時,甚至洗澡
  • 手機低電量和沒有網絡時,會特別著急、恐慌不安
  • 時刻將手機拿在手中或擺放在視線範圍內
  • 早上醒來第一時間是看手機
  • 頻繁查看手機:即使無任何通知/電話響鬧的聲音也會查看手機(研究發現有89%的手機用戶都有這個習慣)
  • 經常花大量時間在手機上(調查發現,手機用戶每日平均查看手機72次,最高為555次;每次查看手機平均會花3.7分鐘,即每日花在手機上的時間平均約4.5小時)

點擊測試是否患上無手機焦慮症NMP-Q

https://healthynet.hk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/YouthInternetAddictionToolChi.pdf

誰較容易患上無手機焦慮症?

  • 神經質:神經質人士頻繁查看手機,經常擔心錯過來電或訊息。有時還誤以為自己的手機在響,習慣性地拿起手機查看8
  • 抑鬱症:研究發現,81%有抑鬱傾向的人士都有不同程度的手機焦慮症9,10
  • 焦慮症:對手機成癮的人士有較高的焦慮症傾向,例如社交焦慮症9-11

無手機焦慮症對生活有不同負面的影響。例如:

  • 睡眠質素下降:約有69%手機成癮的患者表示睡眠質素較差12
  • 專注力受影響:在收到來電或訊息時,大部分人都會立即中斷手上工作去查看手機,集中力因而受到影響 7
  • 嚴重的無手機焦慮症不利於工作、人際關係和個人生活5
  • 若父母過度使用或依賴手機,子女亦會模仿父母的行為13

擺脫無手機焦慮症小貼士14,15

如患者對手機成癮致嚴重影響生活、工作和學習時,可以參考以下建議:

  • 關掉娛樂軟件的訊息通知,僅保留來電通知和重要訊息
  • 將手機調至靜音或飛行模式,戒掉收到通知就立刻查看手機的習慣
  • 將手機放在視線範圍外:例如在房間學習時,就將手機放在客廳
  • 盡量使用電腦查詢資料
  • 將手機調成黑白或灰色,降低玩手機的慾望
  • 隱藏或刪除消耗時間的娛樂軟件
  • 設置較長的屏幕解鎖密碼,盡量避免使用指紋/面部解鎖功能
  • 將充電口設於離床邊較遠的位置。

參考資料:

  1. 香港政府統計處. 互聯網和個人電腦普及程度. Available at: censtatd.gov.hk/en/data/stat_report/product/C0000052/att/B11302752022XXXXB0100.pdf. Accessed 3 November 2022
  2. Rodríguez-García et al. Nomophobia: An Individual’s Growing Fear of Being without a Smartphone-A Systematic Literature Review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020.
  3. Ali Humood et al. The Prevalence of Nomophobia by Population and by Research Tool: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression. MDPI. 2021.
  4. Bhattacharya Sudip et al. NOMOPHOBIA: NO Mobile Phone Phobia. Journal of family medicine and primary care. 2019.
  5. Healthline. Afraid of Losing Your Phone? There’s a Name for That: Nomophobia. Available at: https://www.healthline.com/health/anxiety/nomophobia. Accessed 3 November 2022.
  6. IDC. Always Connected. Available at: https://www.nu.nl/files/IDC-Facebook%20Always%20Connected%20(1).pdf. Accessed 3 November 2022.
  7. Maxi Heitmayer et al. Why are smartphones disruptive? An empirical study of smartphone use in real-life contexts. Computers in Human Behavior. 2021.
  8. Beierle F et al. Frequency and Duration of Daily Smartphone Usage in Relation to Personality Traits. Digital Psychology. 2020.
  9. Zubair Ahmed Ratan et al. Smartphone Addiction and Associated Health Outcomes in Adult Populations: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021.
  10. Alhassan, Aljohara A et al. The relationship between addiction to smartphone usage and depression among adults: a cross sectional study. BMC psychiatry. 2018.
  11. Annoni A Maria et al. The Relationship between Social Anxiety, Smartphone Use, Dispositional Trust, and Problematic Smartphone Use: A Moderated Mediation Model. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021.
  12. Lane Hsien-Yuan et al. An Investigation into Smartphone Addiction with Personality and Sleep Quality among University Students. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021.
  13. Jian Gong et al. How parental smartphone addiction affects adolescent smartphone addiction: The effect of the parent-child relationship and parental bonding. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2022.
  14. Dr.axe. Nomophobia — 5 Steps to Ending Your Smartphone Addiction. Available at: https://draxe.com/health/nomophobia/. Accessed 8 November 2022.
  15. Becoming Minimalist. 7 Proven Ways to Break Your Cell Phone Addiction.  Available at: https://www.becomingminimalist.com/break-your-cell-phone-habit/. Accessed 8 November 2022.