健康生活學

抗衰老新星NMN?解構其原理和功效,這6種食物也蘊含NMN

2023/01/05

最近NMN的產品開始頻繁出現在大眾眼前,不少廣告商、KOL都極力推介NMN的產品,聲稱它是抗衰老救星,能促進新陳代謝,對健康和美容都有一定功效。NMN似乎成了「神藥」般的存在,可以幫助大家「逆生長」。到底NMN真的那麼有效嗎?背後的原理和副作用又是什麼?以下就為大家一一講解。 

NMN和NAD+是什麼? 

NAD+(Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide,煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)是維持生命和細胞運作的重要輔酶,主宰新陳代謝、修復DNA等功能。而NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide,β-煙酰胺單核苷酸)是NAD+的前體,進入細胞後能轉化成NAD+。人體內NAD+的水平會隨著年齡增長下降,細胞的新陳代謝和修復力也會受損,影響各器官的機能,並有機會導致認知障礙和發炎的情況。

但NAD+的分子較大,無法直接進入細胞,故難以經口服補充。而NMN的分子體積較小,故可藉著口服補充NMN去提升體內NAD+的含量,以助延緩衰老。1,2 

補充NMN的功效3-8 

  1. 使骨組織幹細胞恢復活力,促進骨骼形成
  2. 降低皮膚的活性氧水平,從而減慢皮膚老化
  3. 提高身體對抗癌症的能力,更能保護正在接受化療的病人的心臟
  4. 逆轉血管老化,改善血管硬化的情況
  5. 增強肌肉的力量

但目前,NMN仍然有很多其他功效只能從老鼠相關的實驗看到,因此還需要更多研究去證實其對人類的功用。 

每日服用NMN的劑量上限8-9 

研究顯示,每日攝取500毫克NMN為安全上限。研究亦發現可以連續12星期每日服用250毫克,甚至連續24星期服用200-300毫克也沒有問題。就建議劑量而言,30-60歲的成年人每日可以服用500毫克,而65歲以上人士甚至可以每日攝取750毫克使其功效最大化。

NMN有副作用嗎?10 

暫時還沒有發現NMN的副作用。但若發現其功效減弱,可以考慮停用一週,讓身體緩衝。

含NMN的食物11 

除了NMN口服補充品,很多天然食物也蘊含NMN,以下便是每100克食物含有的NMN份量:

  • 番茄 (28毫克)
  • 青瓜(0.6毫克)
  • 毛豆 (0.5-1.5毫克)
  • 西蘭花 (0.25-1.12毫克)
  • 蝦仁(0.22毫克)
  • 牛肉(0.06-0.42毫克)

迷思:NMN對新冠肺炎有效嗎? 

研究顯示長者更容易感染新冠肺炎,因此有老人科專家認為對抗老化可以是對抗新冠病毒的長遠方法。而補充NMN可提高NAD+的水平,藉此對抗細胞衰老,更可能有效避免免疫力反應所導致的細胞因子風暴。1雖然相關理論還需要更多研究和數據去證實,但已經有醫療報告顯示NMN雞尾酒療法能夠幫助新冠肺炎病人康復。12 

參考資料:

  1. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. What is NMN? Available at: https://www.nmn.com/what-is-nmn. Accessed 21 December 2022
  2. Nadeeshani H et al. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) as an anti-aging health product – Promises and safety concerns. J Adv Res. 2021 Aug 11;37:267-278.
  3. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Chinese study shows Bone Formation requires NMN. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/human-bone-regeneration-requires-nmn S2090123221001491. Accessed 21 December 2022
  4. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Study shows NMN protects against environmentally-induced skin aging. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/nmn-protects-against-skin-aging S2090123221001491. Accessed 21 December 2022
  5. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. NMN boosts the efficacy of cancer-fighting immune cells. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/nmn-increases-cancer-fighting-immune-cells S2090123221001491. Accessed 21 December 2022
  6. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Researchers report that NMN coupled with a compound found in Chinese herb fully protects the heart during chemotherapy. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/nmn-buckwheat-heart-chemotherapy S2090123221001491. Accessed 21 December 2022
  7. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Clinical trial shows NMN reverses blood vessel aging in middle-aged adults. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/nmn-reverses-blood-vessel-aging. Accessed 21 December 2022
  8. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Twelve weeks of NMN supplementation improves muscle function. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/12-weeks-of-nmn-supplementation-improves-muscle-function . Accessed 21 December 2022
  9. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Taking NMN. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/taking-nmn. Accessed 21 December 2022
  10. Youth and earth. What is NMN and are there any side effects? Available at: https://youthandearth.com/blogs/blog/what-is-nmn. Accessed 21 December 2022
  11. Healthnews. What foods contain NMN?Available at: https://healthnews.com/longevity/longevity-supplements/what-foods-contain-nmn/ . Accessed 21 December 2022
  12. The Official Info Source for Nicotinamide Mononucleotide. Doctor’s study indicates COVID-19 patients improve with NMN cocktail treatment. Available at: https://www.nmn.com/news/covid-19-patients-nmn-treatment. Accessed 21 December 2022